Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Levels in Lavage Fluid in Active and Inactive Disease

Background: Fluid obtained by whole gut lavage usually contains traces of immunoglobulin (lg) G, albumin, and a-1-antitrypsin; higher concentrations have been found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunoglobulin (lg) levels increase in the lower respiratory tract of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The aim of this study is to assess the Evaluation of immunoglobulin levels in lavage fluid in active and inactive disease. Material & Methods: This is an observational study. The study used to be carried out in the admitted patient’s Department of microbiology and immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. In Bangladesh for the duration of the period from October 2015 to March 2017. Results: This study shows that the according to age of 33 Patients aged 1 to 9 years. Here according to Age distribution, 2(6.1%) were 1-3 years, 10(30.30%) were >3 6 years, 9(27.27%) were >6-9 years and 12(36.4%) were >9 years. And according to gender 13(39.4%) were Male and 20(60.6%) were Female. Conclusion: The study concluded that high and abnormal levels of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM, and IgA) is present among JIA patient in active disease state which became normal in inactive state.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Artemisia dracunculus L. aqueousextract against acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is increasing worldover due to modern life style. Patients with UC are prone to develop colorectal cancer. While the disease severity decides the treatment option, researchers look towards herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory properties for minimal or nil side effects. Artemisia dracunculus L., commonly called Tarragon, is a medicinal herb used in traditional Asian medicine mainly in Iran, India, Pakistan and Azerbaijan due to its special compounds. In this study, we tried to elucidate the effects of aqueous extract of tarragon on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Male Wistar rats were grouped into four groups of eight each viz., control; experimental control (UC was induced via luminal instillation of 4% acetic acid); and UC induced + aqueous tarragon extract (100 mg/kg) or prednisolone (2 mg/kg) orally for ten consecutive days. Tissue specimens were collected after the experimental period for evaluation of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR was used to monitor the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-? in colonic homogenates. Moreover, the levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity were measured in colonic homogenates. The results showed that both treatment regimens could similarly reduce the severity of disease symptoms. Treatment with aqueous extract of tarragon caused a better improvement (P <0.05) in the levels of myeloperoxidase enzyme, and total antioxidant capacity of colonic homogenates compared to prednisolone. Nevertheless, the levels of the expression of caspase-3, and COX-2 and TNF-? were reduced in UC rats received prednisolone more than UC rats received aqueous extract of tarragon. The was no statistical difference in the levels of nitric oxide, IL-1 and IL-6 between UC rats received tarragon extract or prednisolone. Overall, these findings suggest that the aqueous extract of tarragon is a promising strategy to control ulcerative colitis. Aqueous extract can also be used as an anti-inflammatory and immune system stimulant in conditions where the immune system is damaged.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Mosul Hospital: A crossSectional Study - Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes

@#Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in Mosul Hospital, Iraq, in 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from patients diagnosed with IBD in Mosul Hospital. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data, including risk factors, symptoms, and treatment outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The study included 150 participants, with a mean age of (42.5. ± years and 56% being male. Women were found to be less likely to know the type of Crohn’s disease compared to men. 58.7% of participants did not have any other diseases, while 41.3% had multiple diseases. The CH type was known for 56.8% of participants, and the average disease duration was 70.41 months, ranging from 2 to 360 months. Most participants (72.1%) did not have involvement in a particular place, while 27.9% did. All participants had known involvement. 81.8% of participants did not use drugs, while 18.2% did, with partial or unknown drug usage reported in 39 individuals. Only 7.8% of participants had IBD in their family, while 92.2% did not. Most participants (95.2%) were smokers. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for increased awareness and early detection of IBD in Mosul Hospital. The identification of risk factors and symptoms can aid in the diagnosis and management of the disease. Further research is necessary to understand the underlying causes of IBD and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Effect of SKB-Gutbiotic on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation gaining increasing attention as it affects considerable number of humans. IBD is reported as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) Conventional therapies currently available are not satisfactory. Therefore, here, we investigated the effect of SKB-Gutbiotic on acetic acid induced ulcerative coltis (UC) in male Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats, 200-250 g were divided into six groups as follows: Gr. I (control) received 10 mL/kg of distilled water for 21 consecutive days. Gr. II received 2 mL of 4% acetic acid solution once intra rectally for induction of colitis. Gr. III received 2 mg/kg prednisolone as standard control. Groups IV, V & VI were treated with SKB-Gutbiotic @2×109, 20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg, respectively. All the animals from each group were sacrificed 24 h after the induction of colitis. Disease activity index, macroscopical damage, hematological parameters, level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and histopathological alterations were evaluated. Acetic acid-induced colitis significantly caused alteration in disease activity index, macroscopical damage, MPO and GSH levels (P <0.05) as compared to control group. SKB-Gutbiotic (20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg) administration significantly decreased disease activity index, MPO, SOD, increased GSH levels (P <0.05) as compared to colitis rats. In conclusion, SKB-Gutbiotic (20×109 and 50×109 Cfu/kg) significantly showed protective effects against acetic acid-induced colitis as a consequence of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties.

Incidência de doença inflamatória intestinal: estudo retrospectivo de um único centro / Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: a single centre retrospective study

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of this alarming condition is multifactorial. A Recently increasing trend in IBD is noted in our country. Objective: The present study was designed with the main objective to assess the incidence and to identify the associated risk factors including demographic, geographical areas, and dietary patterns of IBD population of Northern of Karnataka viz. Hubli-Dharwad city. Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted on a cohort of 226 patients with a working diagnosis of IBD and those who were admitted between 2015 to 2019 the department of gastroenterology, SDMCMS&H. The diagnosis of IBD was made based on clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and histopathologic findings. The patients were categorized into IBD and those who have symptoms suggestive of IBD but did not fit into the diagnostic criteria into, non-IBD groups. The data about of on demography, diet patterns, and laboratory parameters were recorded. Results: Among 226 patients enrolled in this study 2015-2019, IBD was confirmed in 54 Ulcerative colitis - 44 (19.46%), Crohn's disease - 10 (4.42%) patients with varying distribution of disease among different age groups and both genders, Ulcerative colitis (UC) [M: F: 28 (63.6%): 16 (36.4%)] and Crohn's disease (CD) [M: F: 07 (70.0%):03 (30.0%)]. Dietary pattern and other habitats had no significant contribution to illness and its symptoms. Urban (U) and Rural (R) divide was UC [U: R: 32 (72.7%): 12 (27.3%)], CD [U:R:07(70.0%):03(30.0%)] maintained. Conclusion Incidence of IBD was high with UC as compared to CD. The incidence of IBD among patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of IBD is 19.46% with UC being major as compared to CD (4.42%). Male predominant patterns of IBD incidences were noted. Year by year increasing trend in disease burden was observed. The Dietary pattern has no direct correlation with IBD disease prevalence and incidences.

Resumo Contexto: A Doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que afeta o trato gastrointestinal. A etiologia desta condição alarmante é multifatorial. Uma tendência recentemente crescente na DII é notada em nosso país. Objetivo: O presente estudo foi desenhado com o objetivo principal de avaliar a incidência e identificar os fatores de risco associados, incluindo demográficos, áreas geográficas e padrões alimentares da população com DII do Norte de Karnataka viz. Cidade de Hubli-Dharwad. Metodos: Uma investigação retrospectiva foi realizada em uma coorte de 226 pacientes com diagnóstico de DII e que foram admitidos entre 2015 e 2019 no departamento de gastroenterologia, SDMCMS&H. O diagnóstico de DII foi feito com base em achados clínicos, radiológicos, endoscópicos e histopatológicos. Os pacientes foram categorizados em DII e aqueles que apresentam sintomas sugestivos de DII, mas não se enquadraram nos critérios diagnósticos em grupos sem DII. Os dados sobre a demografia, padrões de dieta e parâmetros laboratoriais foram registrados. Resultados: Entre os 226 pacientes inscritos neste estudo entre 2015-2019, DII foi confirmada em 54 [RCUI - 44 (19,46%), DC - 10 (4,42%)] com distribuição variada da doença entre diferentes faixas etárias e ambos os sexos, colite ulcerativa (RCUI) [M: F: 28 (63,6%):16 (36,4%)] e doença de Crohn (DC) [M: F: 07 (70,0%): 03 (30,0%)]. O padrão alimentar e outros hábitos não tiveram contribuição significativa para a doença e seus sintomas. Urbanos (U) e rurais (R) dividiram-se em RCUI [U: R: 32 (72,7%):12 (27,3%)], DC [07 (70,0%): 03 (30,0%)]. Conclusão A incidência de DII foi elevada para RCUI em relação a DC. A incidência de DII entre os pacientes com sintomas sugestivos de DIB é de 19,46% com a RCUI sendo maior em relação a DC (4,42%). Foram observados padrões predominantes masculinos de incidência de DII. Ano a ano foi observada tendência crescente de carga da doença. O padrão dietético não tem correlação direta com a prevalência e incidências da DII.

Emerging role of protein modification in inflammatory bowel disease / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves many factors, including environmental parameters, microorganisms, and the immune system. Although research on IBD continues to expand, the specific pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Protein modification refers to chemical modification after protein biosynthesis, also known as post-translational modification (PTM), which causes changes in the properties and functions of proteins. Since proteins can be modified in different ways, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, the functions of proteins in different modified states will also be different. Transitions between different states of protein or changes in modification sites can regulate protein properties and functions. Such modifications like neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and acetylation can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-‍κB (NF-‍κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT)) by changing the intestinal flora, regulating immune cells, modulating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-‍‍1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF‍-‍α), and interferon-‍γ (IFN-‍γ), and ultimately leading to the maintenance of the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of PTM and describe its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Prevalence of anal intraepithelial lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Introduction: Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of the anal canal associated with HPV, with a higher prevalence in immunosuppressed individuals. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at potential risk for their development, due to the use of immunosuppressants and certain characteristics of the disease. Method: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, and interventional study that included 53 patients with IBD treated at a tertiary outpatient clinic, who underwent anal smear for cytology in order to assess the prevalence of AIN and associated risk factors. Results: Forty-eight samples were negative for dysplasia and 2 were positive (4%). Both positive samples occurred in women, with Crohn's disease (CD), who were immunosuppressed and had a history of receptive anal intercourse. Discussion: The prevalence of anal dysplasia in IBD patients in this study is similar to that described in low-risk populations. Literature data are scarce and conflicting and there is no evidence to recommend screening with routine anal cytology in patients with IBD. Female gender, history of receptive anal intercourse, immunosuppression and CD seem to be risk factors. (AU)

Involvement of eIF2α in halofuginone-driven inhibition of TGF-β1-induced EMT

Halofuginone (HF) is an extract from the widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Dichroa febrifugathat facilitates the recovery of wounds and attenuates hepatic fibrosis. However, the role of HF in theepithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of IPEC-J2 cells remains unclear. The current study explored theanti-EMT effect of HF in IPEC-J2 cells and illustrates its molecular mechanism. Transforming growth factorb1 (TGF-b1), as a recognized profibrogenic cytokine, decreased the level of the epithelial marker E-cadherinand increased the level of the mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin, fibronectin (FN), vimentin (Vim),and a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), in IPEC-J2 cells depending on the exposure time and dose. HF markedlyprevented the EMT induced by TGF-b1. Dissection of the mechanism revealed that HF inhibited IPEC-J2 cellEMT via modulating the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and the SMAD2/3-SMAD4 complexnuclear translocation. Furthermore, HF could promote the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiationfactor-2a (eIF2a), which modulates the SMAD signaling pathway. These results suggested that HF inhibitsTGF-b1-induced EMT in IPEC-J2 cells through the eIF2a/SMAD signaling pathway. Our findings suggest thatHF can serve as a potential anti-EMT agent in intestinal fibrosis therapy.

Anti-inflammatory effects of liraglutide on innate lymphoid cells in mice with inflammatory bowel disease / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the role and mechanism of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) liraglutide in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods • The drinking water with DSS concentration of 3% was prepared by using DSS and sterile water, and the mice were free to drink for 7 days, to construct IBD model. The experimental mice were randomly divided into four groups with five mice in each group: the control group [drinking sterile water, intraperitoneal injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)], the liraglutide group (drinking sterile water, intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg liraglutide), the model group (drinking DSS water solution, intraperitoneal injection of PBS) and the treatment group (drinking DSS water solution, intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 mg/kg liraglutide). During the experiment, the fecal morphology, body weight, and colon length were observed. And hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining was used to observe the degree of colitis in mice. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as the changes of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets and function in the colon. Results • Compared with the model group, the symptoms of loose stool and bloody stool were improved, and the shortened colon length was also improved (P=0.007) in the treatment group. H-E staining showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon of the treatment group was significantly reduced. Flow cytometry analysis of the colonic lamina propria showed that the proportion of neutrophils in the colon of the treatment group was significantly reduced (P=0.004), and the proportion of eosinophils was also reduced (P=0.002); the proportion of ILC (ILC2) in group 2 decreased (P=0.032), but the proportion of ILC (ILC3) in group 3 increased (P=0.008); the cytokine interleukin-22 secreted by ILC3 was increased (P=0.008). Conclusion • Liraglutide may delay the development of IBD by affecting the proportion of ILC subsets and secretion function.

Preliminary observation on imbalance degree of impedance in extracellular fluid of cells in the twelve meridians in healthy subjects / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To calculate the imbalance degree (IBD) of left-right meridian (IBD-LRM), IBD of exterior-interior meridian (IBD-EIM) and IBD of hand-foot meridians (IBD-HFM) of impedance in extracellular fluid of cells in twelve meridians of healthy subjects, so as to provide foundation for meridian diagnosis.@*METHODS@#A total of 31 healthy volunteers were enrolled and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) was applied. The constant current (from 1 to 100 kHz, 200 μA) was connected into the bilateral twelve meridians through two excitation electrodes with a distance of 10 cm. Two measuring electrodes, with an interval of 5 cm, were set in between the two excitation electrodes to collect the voltage amplitude and phase. The Cole-Cole curve fitting was used to calculate the impedance of extracellular fluid of cells in the twelve meridians; the IBD-LRM, IBD-EIM and IBD-HFM as well as their absolute values were calculated.@*RESULTS@#The impedance of extracellular fluid in the left side was higher than that in right side in the large intestine meridian, the small intestine meridian and the bladder meridian (<0.05, <0.01). The mean value of IBD-LRM of extracellular fluid was (4.0±1.4) %; the mean value of absolute value of IBD-LRM was (15.0±1.1) %; the maximum absolute value of IBD-LRM was the bladder meridian. The mean value of IBD-EIM was (3.3±1.0) %; the mean value of absolute value of IBD-EIM was (17.9±1.6) %; the maximum absolute value of IBD-EIM was the bladder meridian and the kidney meridian. The impedance of extracellular fluid of hand meridian, hand meridian and hand meridian were lower than those of foot meridians. The mean value of IBD-HFM was (-2.6±1.1) %; the mean value of absolute value of IBD-HFM was (19.7±1.7) %; the maximum absolute value of IBD-HFM was meridian; the imbalance of meridians was greater than meridians. There were significant differences in impedance of extracellular fluid between left and right and between hands and feet (<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The extracellular fluid of left-right meridians of healthy subjects is different, but the absolute value of IBD is low; the mean value of exterior meridian and interior meridian is very close, and the absolute value of IBD is medium; the impedance of the foot meridians are greater than the hand meridians, and the absolute value of IBD is relatively high.

Effect of Shenling Baizhu San on Murine Model of IBD Induced by DSS in Mice by Regulating Autophagy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) in treating dextra sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice and its relationship with autophagy. Method: SPF BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,mesalazine group,low,medium and high-dose SLBZS groups,and autophagy inducer rapamycin group.The IBD mice were fed with 5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days,and the control mice received only water.SLBZS groups were given SLBZS at doses of 3,6,12 g·kg-1·d-1, positive group was given mesalazine sustained release granules at the dose of 2 g·kg-1·d-1, rapamycin group was given rapamycin at the dose of 4 mg·kg-1·d-1, and control mice was given the same volume of normal saline by gavage.The mice weight,stool occult blood in stool,score of disease activity (DAI),pathological examination of intestinal mucosal lesions integral were observed after 7 days. interleukin(IL)-8 and IL-10 in serum were detected by enzyme\|linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA), vascular tissue samples were prepared for the detection of tumor neorosis factor-(TNF-α) and IL-1β, and transmission electron microscope and Western blot were used to detect the formation of autophagosomes and the level of autophagy. Result: The body mass decrease, the colon length, disease activity scoring, and histological scoring of SLBZS group were better than those of DSS group. Compared with control group, the level of IL-10 decreased, while the level of IL-8 increased obviously (Pα expressions significantly up-regulated(PPPα expressions(PConclusion: Shenling Baizhu San can significantly inhibit the IBD by regulating autophagy and suppressing inflammation.

Prevalencia de burnout a través de dos medidas y su relación con variables sociodeportivas / Burnout's Prevalence through two Measures and its Relation with Sociodemographic's Variables

Resumen Se estudia la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en deportistas y su relación con variables sociodeportivas. Se aplicaron los dos instrumentos de medida disponibles en España que miden el constructo: IBD-R y versión española del ABQ, en una muestra de 646 deportistas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una prevalencia del 4.2 % para el IBD-R y 3.3 % para el ABQ, así como diferencias estadísticamente significativas para sexo, presentando los varones una realización personal más reducida que las mujeres, y niveles competitivos más altos de prevalencia general y de la subescala agotamiento físico/emocional en el nivel nacional que en el local. Estos datos son similares a los hallados en investigaciones anteriores, tanto en prevalencia como en diferencias según variables sociodeportivas.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the prevalence of burnout syndrome in athletes and their relation with different social and sporting variables. They have implemented the two instruments available in Spain for measuring burnout in athletes: IBD-R and the Spanish version of ABQ in a sample of 646 athletes with an average age of 19.73 years. The results show a prevalence of 4.2% for IBD-R and 3.3% for the ABQ and statistically significant differences for sex, presenting the smaller male self-fulfillment than women; and competitive, presenting higher prevalence levels overall and subscale physical/emotional exhaustion at the national level as home. These data are similar to those found in previous investigations, both prevalence and differences according social and sporting variables.

Effects of CHL1 deficiency,a cell adhesion molecule,on the inflammatory bowel disease / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of deficiency of CHL1 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).@*METHODS@#Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model was used to study the effects of deficiency of CHL1 on the development of IBD. Ten CHL1(+/+) mice in C57/BL6 background were randomly divided into CHL1(+/+) group and DSS-induced CHL1(+/+) group. Ten CHL1(-/-) mice in C57/BL6 background were randomly divided into CHL1(-/-) group and DSS-induced CHL1(-/-) group. DSS-induced CHL1(+/+) group and DSS-induced CHL1(-/-)group were fed with 1.5% DSS for 7 days, and then drinking distilled water for 2 days. CHL1(+/+) group and CHL1(-/-) group as control group were fed with distilled water for 9 days. The changes of weight, survival, fecal blood and the change of colon length in this study were observed.@*RESULTS@#On the 7 day, the weight of DSS-induced CHL1(-/-) group were reduced significantly, and DSS-induced CHL1(-/-) group had extreme mortality on the 9th day. The fecal blood of DSS-induced CHL1(-/-) group also had higher score than that of DSS-induced CHL1(+/+) group. In the DSS-induced CHL1(-/-) group,the length of colon was shortened obviously.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The loss of CHL1 aggravates the development of IBD.

Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southern Peninsular Malaysia

Aim: To record the incidence and prevalence ofinflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its social demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment, in the state of Johor,Malaysia.Methods: Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, is the onlypublic hospital in Johor with a Gastroenterology service.Data on all existing and new IBD patients managed by theGastroenterology Unit in 2016 were collected. Incidence andprevalence of IBD in 2016 were then calculated based on theestimated population of Johor and Johor Bahru.Results: Twenty-five new cases of IBD were diagnosed in2016. Among the 25 cases, 13 cases were Crohn’s disease(CD), 10 were ulcerative colitis (UC) and two were IBDUnclassified (IBDU). The crude incidence of IBD, CD, UC andIBDU were 0.68, 0.36, 0.27, and 0.05 per 100,000 populationrespectively. Ethnic Indians had the highest incidence of IBDat 4.21 followed by Malays and Chinese at 0.56 and 0.18 per100,000 population respectively. A total of 156 IBD caseswere captured. Amongst them, 85 cases were UC, 68 caseswere CD and three cases were IBDU, hence the prevalence ofIBD, UC, CD and IBDU were 4.27, 2.33, 1.86 and 0.08 per100,000 population respectively. Similarly, Indians had thehighest prevalence at 16.84, followed by Chinese at 4.06 andMalays at 3.44 per 100,000 population.Conclusions: The incidence of IBD in Johor is comparable tothat of a previous study in northern Peninsular Malaysia.The ethnicity preponderance is similar to the previousstudies conducted in Malaysia.

Immunopathological mechanism of TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To study the possible pathogenesis of TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a mouse model by analyzing histological changes in colon and the expression of cytokines and transcription factor RORγt related to T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes.Methods Female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly grouped into two groups: IBD model and normal control groups.The mouse model of IBD was established by treating mice with 200 μl of 5％ TNBS/50％ ethanol solution (1∶1) through intestinal instillation, while the mice in the normal control group were instilled with PBS.Pathological changes in colon samples of mice were observed.Real-time PCR was performed to detect the dynamic expression of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-12p40), Th2 cytokine (IL-4), Treg-related cytokine (IL-10), Th17 cell-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23) and transcription factor RORγt in mesenteric lymph nodes.Results The mice in the model group begun to show abnormal vital signs such as diarrhea, loss of weight and reduced activity, and mild hyperemia of intestinal mucosa and edema from the third day after modeling.Slight lesions were observed in histological slices of colon tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).The expression of IL-21, IL-23 and IL-17 at mRNA level were significantly increased, while the expression of other cytokines showed no significant change.On the sixth day after modeling, many pathological symptoms and intestinal mucosal lesions were aggravated, and marked infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in histological slices of colon tissues, which indicated that the IBD model was successfully induced by TNBS.Compared with the control group, the IBD model group showed significantly enhanced expression of IL-2, IL-12p40 and IL-10 in mesenteric lymph nodes at mRNA level on the sixth day after modeling.Although the expression of IL-21, IL-23, IL-17 and RORγt at mRNA level on the sixth day were down-regulated to different extent as compared with those on the third day, they were still significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusion Th17 cell-related cytokines play an important role in the early stage of TNBS-induced IBD.With the progression of the disease, both Th1 and Th17 cells are involved in the immunopathological injury of colon tissues.

Clinical Value of Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Detection of Serum Inflammatory Bowel Disease Antibody Spectrum in IBD / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate clinical significance of diagnosis of the anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), pancreatic acini antibody (PAB)resistance,resistance to small goblet cell antibody (GAB),anti neutrophil cytoplasm anti-bodies (ANCA)for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)and the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC)and crohn's disease (CD).Methods Collected 200 cases of test group sets of inflammatory bowel disease,serum by indirect immunofluo-rescence (IF).Results In the serum of 200 patients,106 cases with positive or weakly positive.Among them,the positive ASCA/weak positive 24 cases,14 cases of PAB,GAB 63 cases,28 cases ANCA,and included in ASCA group respectively and PAB group,GAB group,ANCA group.Positive rate of ANCA and GAB in the diagnosis of UC were 34% and 58%. Positive rate of ASCA and PAB in the diagnosis of CD were 28.6% and 38.1%.ANCA associated with GAB detection in the diagnosis of UC specific degree was 60%,ASCA associated with PAB detection in the diagnosis of CD specific degree was 75%.Conclusion Serum inflammatory bowel disease antibody spectrum in ASCA,ANCA,GBA and PAB four antibod-ies of joint detection has important guiding value to the diagnosis of IBD,also can be used as one of UC and CD in the differ-ential diagnosis methods.

Possible Effects of Moringa oleifera versus Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) on Experimental Colitis in Mice.

Aims: We evaluated effects of extracts of both Moringa oleifera (MOR) leaves and ginger (GIN) root on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis mice. Study Design: experimental study Place and Duration of Study: Clinical Pharmacology dep., Mansoura Faculty of Medicine. To weeks study. Methodology: Forty BALB/c mice were used throughout this study. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n=8). Group (1) received plain filtered water. Group (2) received DSS. Group (3) received DSS and MOR. Group (4) received DSS and GIN. Group (5) received DSS plus MOR & GIN. All mice were sacrificed after 14 days of colitis induction and colon was removed. Length of the colon was detected and examined microscopically and immunohistochemistery for detection of NFKβ. Biochemical assessment of TNFα was done in serum, while, MDA and GSH were done in colonic tissue homogenate. Results: Both MOR and/ or GIN showed significant reduction in DAI, microscopic lesion score, NFKβ expression as well as significant improvement in TNFα, MDA, and GSH levels as compared to group (2). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of leaves of MOR and/ or extract of GIN root showed significant improvement of experimentally induced colitis, which may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Combination therapy of GIN and MOR showed non additive benefit than GIN alone. These natural plants could be used as additive to drug therapy of IBD.

Unmet Communication and Information Needs for Patients with IBD: Implications for Mobile Health Technology.

Aims: In order to develop an application that addresses the most significant challenges facing IBD patients, this qualitative study explored the major hurdles of living with IBD, the information needs of IBD patients, and how application technology may be used to improve quality of life. Methods: 15 IBD patients participated in two focus groups of 120 minutes each. Data collection was achieved by combining focus groups with surveys and direct observation of patients looking at a patient-engaged app (HealthPROMISE) screenshots. The survey elicited information on demographics, health literacy and quality of life through the Short IBD Questionnaire (SIBDQ). Results: The needs of IBD patients center around communication as it relates to both patient information needs and navigating the social impacts of IBD on patients’ lives: a) Communication Challenges regarding Information Needs: Patients cited a doctor-patient communication divide where there is a continued lack of goal setting when discussing treatments and a lack of objectivity in disease control. When objectively compared with the SIBDQ, nearly half of the patients in the focus groups wrongly estimated their IBD control. b) Communication Challenges regarding Social Impacts of IBD: Patients strongly felt that while IBD disrupts routines, adds significant stress, and contributes to a sense of isolation, the impact of these issues would be significantly alleviated through more conversation and better support. c) Implication for Mobile Health Solutions: Patients want a tool that improves tracking of symptoms, medication adherence and provides education. Physician feedback to patient input on an application is required for long-term sustainability. Conclusions: IBD patients need mobile health technologies that evaluate disease control and the goals of care. Patients feel an objective assessment of their disease control, goal setting and physician feedback will greatly enhance utilization of all mobile health applications.

Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease overlap syndrome: pieces of the puzzle are falling into place

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder involving the gut-brain axis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder, are both increasing in incidence and prevalence in Asia. Both have significant overlap in terms of symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment, suggesting the possibility of IBS and IBD being a single disease entity albeit at opposite ends of the spectrum. We examined the similarities and differences in IBS and IBD, and offer new thoughts and approaches to the disease paradigm.

Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease overlap syndrome: pieces of the puzzle are falling into place

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common gastrointestinal disorder involving the gut-brain axis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder, are both increasing in incidence and prevalence in Asia. Both have significant overlap in terms of symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment, suggesting the possibility of IBS and IBD being a single disease entity albeit at opposite ends of the spectrum. We examined the similarities and differences in IBS and IBD, and offer new thoughts and approaches to the disease paradigm.